The percentage of damage follows the trend of volume change. It is obvious from the figure that for a few initial years damage is zero. At initial time periods, volume change in concrete is less than 0.1% and damage was neglected. This is because, initially, there is no significant expansion or volume change in the concrete block. Percentage of damage is larger in cases where there is more aggregate particles and more concentration of ROH in the concrete domain. For example in case 4, maximum damage is 3.74% with ROH of 1.2 mol/m3 and 9.16% with ROH of 2.5 mol/m3 at 30 years. External loadings also tends to mitigate damage developed from ASR expansion.
Damage in 2d concrete block can be visualized at different time intervals. Hence, with the FEM model it can be predicted that considered concrete block subjected to ASR mechanisms will degrade gradually and effective measure should be taken accordingly.
Reference:
Rahman, Md. Asif, Yang Lu, “A Time-Dependent Chemo-Mechanical Analysis Of Alkali-Silica Reaction For The Disparate Geometry Of Concrete Meso-Structure,” Journal of Construction and Building Materials, Accepted to Publish.